OK, handwinches, there was an article in one of the LR mags last year or so. They looked at some decent recovery ideas, then some less "reliable" methods.
If you look under hand winches on Ebay you'll often see wire puller type ratchets for sale as "Turfors" - trying to impersonate a Tirfor winch. A Tirfor hand winch is superb, reliable, will pull a massive weight, and can run with cable from 1 metre to as long as you need it subject to cable length) without resetting.
The "turfor" in the LR article basically only had a limited pull, as it constantly needed resetting, so to make progress meant lots of faff, and as someone else mentioned it was hours to move inches. Better off saving to buy a real tirfor/griphoist device. I got one via Difflock 2 years ago for £80.
Ground anchor, the screw in type will bend, end of, they are just not up to the job. I carry one of these
http://www.paddockspares.com/pp/OFF_ROAD/Ropes_and_Recovery/Ground_Anchor.html because it is easy to use, doesn't take up much space, and importantly can be placed by hand, the plough type anchors really need a mechanical winch to give enough pull for correct placement. The paddock anchor fits quite nicely into a length of plastic drainpipe for nice easy storage. OK, needs a sledge hammer to place it, but a plough type anchor would probably need digging in anyway. Touch wood, I've never yet needed to use the tirfor, but it is good to carry at times when out in a very small group or solo as a self recovery tool.
Also re shackles & 50mm towballs, I was under the impression that securing a shackle around a towball was a strict no-no, becuase the ball will break off, and the only way that the ARC allow 50mm towballs as a recovery point is when they are mounted on a horizontal flat surface that means the end of the tow strap is secure over the ball - I'll try & post a link if I find a picture. That is one reason why I got a chunk of metal made to replace the swan neck on my brink towbar for off roading, allowing a shackle to be put in its place instead.