MAF - mass airflow sensor. This is present on all the TDi's and serves to tell the ecu the volume of air that the engine is injesting.
From this and the throttle pedal position sensor (PPS), the ecu can calculate engine load, and after cross referencing the engine speed from the crank sensor (CAS), it applies suitable fuelling and injection timing.
Its quite a crude and basic system on the tdi's (actually Bosch EDC 15 on most) but works well enough.
Not that some earlier cars use a Zyxel injector pump, and not the bosch VP30- these are easy to spot by having an Hitachi MAF, and a Rectangular plug for the injector pump. (not circular)
The TD's use an entirely mechanical system.