Disconnecting the battery will not reduce the likelihood of undesirable voltage spikes within the 12V electrical system.
I would not disconnect the battery, the fact that it is connected will help snub any "spikes".
The important thing is to pay attention to is the welder earth connection, make sure it is as close as possible to the weld site and connected directly to one of the pieces being welded, then try and ensure the arc is struck from that piece first.
Do not connect the welder earth any significant distance from the weld site.
Use a spare jump lead to connect across the weld site.